Fadhigii 16aad ee Shirka Golaha Wasiirada Jammhuuriyadda Somaliland

 𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐌𝐔𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐘𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐃

Shirka Golaha Wasiirrada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ee qabsoomay maanta 16ka Abriil, 2025 waxa uu si adag u cambaareynayaa tallaabadii daandaansiga ahayd ee uu Raysal-wasaaraha Dowladda Soomaaliya ku tagay magaalada Laascaanood 12kii Abriil 2025, taasi oo ahayd xad-gudub ka dhan ah qawaaniinta caalamiga ah iyo madax-bannaanida dhuleed ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland.

Xukuumadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, iyada oo ka duulaysa qorshaheeda nabadeynta Deegaanka Bariga Sool, waxa ay hore u iclaamisay baaq nabadeed maalintii uu xilka la wareegayay Madaxweynaha JSL ee 12kii December 2024, waxa aanay mar kale adkaynaysaa in ay nabaddu tahay mudnaanteeda koowaad, iyada oo difaaca qarannimada Somaliland-na ay tahay xuduud lama taabtaan ah.

𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟏𝐚𝐚𝐝 – 𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐲𝐚 𝐰𝐚𝐱𝐚 𝐚𝐲 𝐬𝐢 𝐛𝐮𝐮𝐱𝐝𝐚 𝐮𝐠𝐚 𝐥𝐞𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐲 𝐣𝐢𝐝𝐤𝐢𝐢 𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐰𝐚𝐝𝐚-𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐤𝐚:

Dawladda Soomaaliya waxa ay si cad uga baxday dariiqii nabad-ku-wada-noolaanshaha iyo wada-hadalka, iyada oo imaatinkii Ra’iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya ee Laascaanood uu yahay xad-gudub badheedh ah oo ka dhan ah madax-bannaanida dhuleed ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. 

Tallaabadaasi waxa ay ahayd daandaansi siyaasadeed iyo hurin colaadeed, taas oo si toos ah khatar u gelinaysa xasilloonida gobolka Geeska Afrika, iyada oo lagu tuntay xeerarka caalamiga ah iyo xorriyadda muwaadiniinta Somaliland oo si sharci-darro ah loo afduubay.

𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟐𝐚𝐚𝐝 – 𝐈𝐧 𝐚𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐲 𝐣𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐚𝐱 𝐰𝐚𝐝𝐚-𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐡 𝐨𝐨 𝐤𝐮 𝐬𝐚𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐢-𝐝𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐚𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚:

Xukuumadda Somaliland waxa ay si cad u sheegaysaa in aanay jirin wax wada-hadal ah oo Dowladda Soomaaliya kala yeelatay arrimaha la xidhiidha siideynta maxaabiista. 

Maxaabiista Raysal-wasaaraha Soomaaliya geeyay magaalada Muqdisho ma aha maxaabiis dagaal (𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐫)

Xukuumadda Somaliland waxa ay u aragtaa tallaabadaasi inay ahayd mid lagu qarinayo fashilka siyaasiga ah ee haysta Dowladda Soomaaliya.

𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟑𝐚𝐚𝐝 – 𝐈𝐬𝐤𝐚𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐚 𝐚𝐡 𝐞𝐞 𝐈𝐬-𝐝𝐡𝐚𝐚𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐠𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐚𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐃𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐚 𝐈𝐂𝐑𝐂:

Xukuumadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ay wada hadallo la yeelatay Hay’adda Caalamiga ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas (ICRC) iyo danjireyaasha dalalka saaxiibka la ah si loo xalliyo arrinta maxaabiista, iyada oo ku saleysan xeerarka iyo hab-raacyada caalamiga ah ee maxaabiista. 

Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ay diyaar u tahay in maxaabiista la isu waydaarsado hannaan kasta oo waafaqsan nidaamka isweydaarsiga maxaabiista, bud-dhigna ay u tahay hay’adda ICRC, iyada oo ay Xukuumadda Somaliland hore ugala hadashay arrimaha maxaabiista wadamada ay saaxiibka yihiin sida Maraykanka, Ingiriiska, Denmark, Finland, Turkiga iyo Emirate-ka Carabta.  

𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟒𝐚𝐚𝐝 – 𝐁𝐚𝐚𝐪𝐚 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐡𝐮𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐞 𝐤𝐮 𝐰𝐚𝐣𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐬𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐤𝐚:

Xukuumadda Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ay cod dheer ugu baaqaysaa beesha caalamka in ay si degdeg ah uga falceliso xadgudubyada ay Dowladda Soomaaliya ka geysanayso Deegaanka Bariga Sool ee Somaliland, isla markaana ay taageerto dadaallada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland ugu jirto soo celinta nabada deegaanka bariga Sool.

Duullaanka qorshaysan ee Soomaaliya ku soo qaaday Somaliland waxa uu khatar gelinayaa xasilloonida Geeska Afrika, wuxuuna fursad siinayaa kooxaha xagjirka ah iyo argagixisada, taas oo halis weyn ku ah nabadda iyo horumarka gobolka oo dhan.

𝐐𝐨𝐝𝐝𝐨𝐛𝐤𝐚 𝟓𝐚𝐚𝐝: 𝐖𝐚𝐝𝐚-𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐢 𝐮 𝐝𝐡𝐞𝐱𝐞𝐞𝐲𝐚𝐲 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐡𝐮𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐲𝐨 𝐒𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐲𝐚:

Maadaama ay Dawladda Soomaaliya si joogto ah ugu kacday xad-gudubyo ka dhan ah Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland iyo mabaadi’dii wada-hadalladii hore u dhexmaray labada dal, Golaha Wasiirradu ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ay go’aamiyeen in laga baxo wada-hadaladii lagu jiray Soomaaliya, laga bilaabo maanta oo ay taariikhdu tahay Abriil 16th, 2025. 

Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxa ka go’an difaaca Qaranimadeeda iyo adkaynta madax-bannaanideeda, si aan gorgortan lahayn.

𝐃𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐝

Fadhigii 9-aad ee Shirka Golaha Wasiirada Jammhuuriyadda Somaliland

 Fadhigii 9-aad ee Shirka Golaha Wasiirada Jammhuuriyadda Somaliland oo uu Shir-gudoominayey Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Jamhuuriyada Somaliland, ahna Ku-simaha Madaxweynaha Mudane Maxamed Cali Aw Cabdi ayaa ka qabsoomay Xarunta Qasriga Madaxtooyada Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. 

Ajandaha Shirka Golaha Wasiirada ee maanta ayaa ka koobnaa arrimo door ah oo mudnaan u leh dalka iyo dadka. 

Ugu horeyn Goluhu  waxaa uu war bixin ka dhegaystay Wasiirka Wasaarada Arimaha Gudaha iyo Amniga Qaranka oo sheegay in xaaladda guud ee Amni ee dalkeenu ay tahay mid degan oo nabad ah, marka laga reebo danbiyada maalinlaha ah ee ka dhex dhaca Bulshada iyo Shilalka gaadiidka oo gaysta dhimashada iyo dhaawaca ugu badan. 

Wasiiru Dawlaha Wasaaradda Maaliyada iyo Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha ayaa Golaha uga xog-waramey xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka, dardar galinta cashuur ururinta iyo kobcinta dakhliga dalka. 

Wasiiru Dawluhu isaga oo ka hadlaya sida uu u fulay qorshaha midaynta dakhliga Qaranka ee uu Madaxweynuhu dhawaan faray Hay’adaha iyo Wasaaradaha Qaranka ayaa Golaha Wasiirrada u sheegay in arrintaasi u socoto si wacan. 

Wasiirka Wasaaradda Horumarinta Caafimaadka ayaa Golaha siiyey warbixin qoto dheer oo khusaysa xaaladaha adeega Caafimaadka ee Gobollada Bari (Sanaag, Saraar iyo Togdheer), gobolladaasi oo uu Wasiirku ugu baxay safar shaqo, laga bilaabo 29.01.2025 ilaa 5.02.2025-ka. 

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee safar hawleedka Wasiirku waxay ahayd in uu si dhab ah ugu kuur galo Baahiyaha Xarumaha Caafimaadka ee Gobollada Bariga, xag daawo, xag gaadiid iyo xagga cududda shaqaalaha. Wasiirka iyo weftigii uu hoggaaminayey waxay soo kormeereen Cisbitaalada iyo Xarumaha Caafimaadka ee Gar-adag, Ceel-Afweyn, Ceerigaabo, Oog, Caynabo, Burco, Oodweyne iyo Hara-sheekh. 

Wasiirka Caafimaadka ayaa Golaha Wasiirrada u sheegay in Xarumaha Caafimaadka ee Gobollada Bariga ay culays weyn ku soo kordhiyeen xaaladaha colaadeed, loona baahan yahay in si guud loo xoojiyo, gaar ahaan in la geeyo Dhakhtarro Takhasus u leh qalliinka iyo maaraynta xaaladaha degdegga ah (Trauma and Emergency Situations). 

Wasiirka Wasaaradda Xidhiidhka Golayaasha iyo Arimaha Dastuurka ayaa Golaha Wasiirrada u soo gudbiyey laba Mashruuc Sharci oo kala ah 𝟏) Xeerka Astaanta Qaranka, 𝟮) iyo Xeerka Calanka JSL. 

Wasiirku waxa uu Golaha u sheegay in Xeerarkani ay ilaalinayaan isla markaana ay sugi doonaan Karaamada iyo Qiimahaha Astaamaha Qaranka JSL. 

Sidoo kale, Wasiirku waxa uu Golaha u sheegay in Xeerarkani ay ku salaysan yihiin dhawrista, Ilaalinta iyo kor-u-qaadidda Astaamaha Qaranka, iyagoo la jaanqaadaya Qawaaniinta iyo Xeerarka Caalamiga ah ee uu dal waliba u dejiyo Astaamihiisa Qaran. 

𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐃 𝐋𝐄𝐇.

Fadhigii 17-aad ee Shirka Golaha Wasiirada Jammhuuriyadda Somaliland

 𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐒𝐀𝐗𝐀𝐀𝐅𝐀𝐃𝐄𝐄𝐃

Hargeysa, 23.04.2025 

Fadhigii 17-aad ee Shirka Golaha Wasiirada Jammhuuriyadda Somaliland oo uu shir-gudoominayey Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdilaahi (Cirro) ayaa maanta ka qabsoomay Qasriga Madaxtooyada Somaliland, waxana lagaga wada hadlay arrimo badan oo mudnaan u leh Qaranka Somaliland, qodobada maanta waxa ka mid ahaa: 

(𝟏) Warbixin guud oo la xidhiidha Xaaladda Amniga dalka, waxa ka war bixiyey Wasiirka Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Amniga, isoo Golaha u sheegay in guud ahaanba Amniga dalku sugan yahay, marka laga reebo fal dambiyeedyada maalinlaha ah ee ka dhaca Bulshada iyo shilalka gaadiidka oo run ahaantii la odhan karo waa aafo-qaran, maaddaama ay sababaan dhimashada iyo dhaawaca ugu badan ee dalkeena ka dhaca. 

(𝟐) Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyada iyo Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha ayaa isaguna Golaha siiyey warbixin guud oo la xidhiidha xaaladaha dhaqaale ee dalka iyo hab-sami-u-socodka ururinta cashuuraha GST iyo kobcinta Dakhliga Qaranka. Wasiirku waxa kale oo uu Golaha la wadaagay in Guddi hoosaadka Dhaqaalaha ee Golaha Wasiirrada ay magacaabeen Guddi Farsamo oo soo diyaarisa Qorshaha, Siyaasadda iyo Xeerarka lagama maarmaanka u ah kobcinta Dhaqaalaha Qaranka JSL . 

𝟑) Wasiirka Wasaaradda Duulista Hawada iyo Horumarinta Madaaradda oo ka tirsan Guddida Qaban-qaabada ayaa Golaha uga xog warramay diyaar-garowga Xuska 34-aad ee 18 May. Wasiirku waxa uu si faah-faahsan uga hadlay qaybaha ay ka koobnaan doonaan Munaasibadaha dabaal-degga18-ka May. 

Wasiirku waxa uu soo bandhigay Hal-ku-dhigga Sannadkan oo ah (𝐆𝐚𝐜𝐦𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐝𝐚-𝐣𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐚, 𝐆𝐮𝐮𝐥 𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐮 𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐚), kaasoo ku salaysan Qorshaha Xukuumadda Wada-jir iyo Waxqabad. Wasiirku waxa uu faah-faahiyey in Xuska 18-ka May ee Sannadkani uu noqon doonomid ka duwan sannadihii hore, iyada oo la soo kordhiyay waxyaabo badan oo cusub oo lagu waynaynayo Maalinta Qarannimada iyo Waddaniyadda ee Shacbiga JSL. 

𝟒) Wasiirka Wasaaradda Madaxtooyada ayaa Golaha Wasiirrada la wadaagay in Xukuumadda Wadajir iyo Waxqabad ay bulshada Somaliland si mug leh ugu soo bandhigayso waxqabadka 100-ka maalmood, taasoo leh maqal, muuqaal iyo qoraalba. Sida oo kale, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Madaxtooyada waxa uu Golaha u sheegay in wejigii 1-aad ee Diwaangelinta Biometric-ga ah ee Qaybaha kala duwan ee Ciidamada Qaranku ay si guul ah ku soo gabagabowday, intaa kadibna loo gudbi doono wejiga 2-aad. 

𝟓) Wasiirka Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Amniga iyo Wasiir-ku-xigeenka Wasaaradda Gaadiidka ayaa Golaha uga xog warramay arrimaha iyo asbaabaha keena

Shilalka Gaadiidka oo run ahaantii la odhan karo waa aafo-qaran. Wasiirradu waxa ay sheegeen in Shilalka Gaadiidka ay yihiin kuwa sababa dhimashada iyo dhaawaca ugu badan ee dalkeena ka dhaca sannad walba. 

Intaa kaddib, Xubnaha Golaha Wasiirrada waxa ay dood dheer oo aan loo kala hadhin ka yeesheen arrimaha keena Shilalka Gaadiidka xad-dhaafka ah iyo xal-u-helidda mushkiladan iyo sidii Xukuumad ahaan loo qaadi lahaa tallaabooyin lagu yaraynayo Shilalka Gaadiidka. Goluhu waxa ay isla garteen in arrintan la siiyo mudnaanta ay leedahay, isla markaana la sameeyo cilmi-baadhis qoto dheer oo lagu darsayo arrintan. 

𝟔) Wasiirka Wasaaradda Kalluumaysiga iyo Khayraadka Badda ayaa Golaha uga xog warramay safar shaqo oo uu ku tagay Xeebaha Gobolka Salel, gaar ahaan labada magaalo xeebeed ee Saylac iyo Lughaya. Wasiirku waxa uu si qoto dheer uga warbixiyey caqabadaha ka jira deegaannada uu booqday, gaar ahaan xagga isu-socodka iyo horumarka bulshada, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha iyo sidii looga faa'iidaysan Khayraadka kala duwan ee Gobolka Salel, gaar ahaan horumarinta Adeegga, Agabka iyo Xirfadaha Kalluumaysiga. 

𝟕) Ugu dambayntii, Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdilaahi waxa uu Golaha la wadaagay xog warran guud oo khuseeya habsami u socodka Qaramaynta Ciidamada Madaniga ah ee Gobollada Sanaag, Galbeedka Sool, Saraar iyo Togdheer kuwaasoo meel wacan maraya, gabagabona ku dhaw. Sidoo kale Madaxweynuhu waxa uu Golaha u sheegay in nabadayntii Ceel-Afweyn ay marayso meel wacan. 

𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐃 𝐋𝐄𝐇,

𝐗𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐀𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐧 𝐂𝐢𝐠𝐞 (𝐃𝐞𝐲𝐫), 

𝐀𝐟𝐡𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐤𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐱𝐰𝐞𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐡𝐚 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐡𝐮𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐲𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝

FAHAMKA MURANKA SHARCI EE DOORASHOOYINKA IYO MUDADA QABASHADA DOORASHOOYINKA MADAXTOOYADDA IYO XILIGA SHARCIGA AH EE XISBIYADA/URURADA

 FAHAMKA MURANKA SHARCI EE DOORASHOOYINKA IYO MUDADA QABASHADA DOORASHOOYINKA

MADAXTOOYADDA IYO XILIGA SHARCIGA AH EE XISBIYADA/URURADA

Qaliinka Garyaqaan Muuse Yuusuf Maxamed. Hargeisa

Markaan Arkay Baahida Bulshadu uqabto Iftiiminta Sharci ee Muranka Axsaabta Siyasaada Iyo XUkuumada ee ku aadan doorashooyinka Madaxtooyada, Ururada/Axsaabta Iyo Qaabka Ay U Kala horeeyan.

Markaan Arkay Aragtiyaha ku salaysan Rabita Shaqsi Ama Ta Taageeranimo ee Ay Bulshada U Gudbbinayaan Bahda Sharciyaqaanku ee Iska Hor imanaysa.

Markaan Garawsaday Masuuliyada Aqooneed ee isaaran.

Waxaan Shaki la'aan Is Qanciyay Inaan Iftiimiyo Madmadaga Sharci ee Ii Muuqda, Anigoo Ka Fogaanaya Aragtidaydayda, Ta Cida Aan Taageer sanahay Iyo Wixii Aan Sharci ahayn.

13 NOV 2017 Waxa Qabsoontay Doorashada Madaxtooyada Oo Cod-Bixintii ayaa Dhacday.

21,Nov 2017 — Guddiga Doorashooyinka Ayaa Sheegay Natiijada Doorashadii.

13, Dec 2017 — Madaxweynaha Iyo Ku xigeenkiisa hada xafiska joogga Waxa la dhaariyay.

 Sida Uu Dhigayo Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadu qodobadiisa 83AAD & 88AAD 

QODOBKA 83AAD

HABKA DOORASHADA

1. Waxa Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha Iagu dooranayaa qaabka doorashada guud oo toos ah; isla markaana qarsoodi ah iyaga oo isku lammaan.

2. Doorashada Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha, oo isku mar loo codaynayo, kuna salaysan habka u codaynta liistada, waxa Ia qaban doonaa bil ka hor dhammaadka muddada xilka Madaxweynaha hore.

3. Madaxweynaha iyo Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka hore ayaa sii wadi doona hawlaha ay u xil-saarnaayeen ilaa Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka cusubi kala wareegaan xilka muddo bil ah gudaheed.

4 Waxa loo aqoonsanayaa inay doorashada Madaxweyaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynahu ku guulaysteen labada qof ee magacyadoodu ku sheegan yihiin liistada hesha codadka ugu tirada badan.

5. Haddii ay suurtoobi weydo duruufo Ia xidhiidha nabadgelyada darteed in la qabto doorashada Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha marka muddadii xilkoodu dhammaato, waxa Golaha Guurtida waajib ku ah in ay muddada xilka u kordhiyaan Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha, iyaga oo tixgelinaya muddada dhibaatada lagaga gudbi karo; doorashaduna ku qabsoomi karto

Sida Ku Cad Faqrada FAQRADA 3AAD ee QODOBKAN SARE EE 83AAD EE DASTUURKA oo u Dhigan Sidan :-  

2. Doorashada Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha, oo isku mar loo codaynayo, kuna salaysan habka u codaynta liistada, waxa Ia qaban doonaa bil ka hor dhammaadka muddada xilka Madaxweynaha hore.

Madaxweynaha iyo Ku Xigeenka Hada Xafiiska Joogaa Waxa Xilka Ay lawareegeen Bil Ka Dib Maalintii La Doortay. Waafaqsana QODOBKA 88AAD FAQRADIISA 1AAD oo U Dhigan Sidan:-

DASTUURKA 

QODOBKA 88AAD  

MUDDADA XILKA

1. Muddada xiIka ee Madaxweynaha iyo Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha waa 5 sano oo ka bilaabanta maalinta xilka loo dhaariyo.

Hadalkan Hada waxa Inoo Cad in Madaxweynaha iyo Ku Xigeenka Hada Xafiiska Joogaa Ay Mudo Xileedkoodu Ku Eegyahay 13 DEC 2022, Isla Markaana Ay Waajib Ku Tahay In Doorashada Madaxtooyadu Qabsoonto Bil Ka hor Mudo Dhamaadka XIlka Taas oo Ah In Doorashada Madaxtooyadu 13 NOV 2022. Si Waafaqsan Dastuurka Qaranka iyo xeerka Guud ee Doorashooyinka Qaranka {Xeer Lr. 91/2020-Law No 91/2020.}

Halkaas Markaynu Marayno Waxaynu Eegayna Habka Ururda Siyaasada Iyo Axsaabta Qaranka iyo Doorashadooda.

Makii u horaysay Somaliland waxa 2000 la sameeyay xeer Lagu Unkaayo Ururada Maadama oo aanay Jirin Xisbiyo Hore Waxaana Uu Maadaxweynihii Xiligaas AHUN Mudane Cigaal iyo Xukuumadiisii ay Golayaashii Baarlamaanka u gudbisay Mashruuc Sharci oo Sita Magaca {XEERKA NIDAAMKA URURADA &AXSAABTA SIYAASADDA SOMALILAND XEER-NO: 14/2000} Waxana Isla sanadkaas Golayaasha Baarlamaanku Ansixiyeen Soona saareen Xeerkii Koowaad ee Hanaanka Doorashooyinka Xisbiyada/Ururada Madaxweynuhuna isla Sanadkaas ayuu saxeexay kuna dhaqan galay 

SL/M/DEC/222-026/82000//6 August 2000 XEER MADAXWEYNE NO:14/2000

Madaxweynaha jamhuuriyadda Somaliland

Markuu helay: Go’aanka GW/KF-11/133/2000 ee 19/6/2000 uu Golaha Wakiiladu ku ansixiyey Xeerka No: 14/2000 iyo ansixinta Golaha Guurtida ee GG/jsl/KAL-11/G10217/2000 ee8/7/2000.

xeerkaas oo ka koobnaa 7 Qodob, Waxa uu Madaxeyne Cigaal Magacaabay Gudidii Koowaad ee" Guddiga diiwaan-gelinta ururada siyaasiga ah iyo ansixinta axsaabta Qaranka"  

Siwaafaqsan QODOBKA 2AAD EE XEER NO 14/2000 oo U DHignaa Sidan:-

 Qodobka 2aad

Guddiga diiwaan-gelinta ururada siyaasiga ah iyo ansixinta axsaabta Qaranka.

Dalka JSL wuxuu yeelanayaa Guddi guud oo madax-banaan, una xilsaaran diiwaangelinta ururrada iyo ansixinta axsaabta siyaasadeed.

 Xeerkani Waxa uu Aqoonsanaa In 3da URUR ee Ugu Sareeyaa Noqdaan Xusbiyo, oo Aan Markale La Badalin iyaguna ahaada Sadexda xusbi ee ku sheegan Dastuurka Sidaas ayuu ku shaqeeyay oo lagu Galay doorashadii ugu horeysay Hanaanka cod bixinta dadweynaha oo ku tartameen oo lagu soo saaray 3 xisbi oo Galay doorashooyinkii Madaxtooyada iyo Wakiilada, Laba Doorasho Madaxtooyo oo Qabsoomay 2003/2010 Iyo Hal Doorasho Wakiilo oo Qabsoomay 2005, Markii uu Yimi Muran Sharci oo ay ku Xadhig muteen Siyaasiyiin Doonaayay in dib loo furo Ururada siyaasada Iyo Qiimayntii ay sameeyeen Gudi uu u saaray Madaxweyne Axmed Silaanyo Ayaa Dib u Eegis lagu sameeyay xeerkii Ururada Iyo Axsaabta Siyaasada Waxaana Lagu Soo daray Qodobo uu ka mid yahay Ka Lixaad oo Ogolaanay In La Furo 10 Kii Sanadoodba Mar oo Lagu Tartamo Doorasho Gola Deegaan 3 Ugu Sareeyana Ay Noqdaan 3 XISBI QARAN oo Jiraaya 10 Sanno oo Ah ka ay kuyimadeen 3 Xisbi ee hada Jira

XILIGII WSX KA BEDELKA MUDANE AXMED SILAANYO

Soo jeedinta Madaxweynaha ee REF: JSL/M/GW/081-717/092011 ee tixraaca 18/09/11, ee Kaabista iyo wax ka beddelka Xeer Lr.14/2011.

Golaha Wakiilada JSL ee Go’aan Lr. GW/KF-16/549/2011, ee Ansixinta Wax Ka Bedelka iyo Kaabista Xeer Lr. 14/2011,

Golaha Guurtida 27/11/2011 Go'aanka Ansixinta Wax Ka Bedelka iyo Kaabista Xeer Lr. 14/2011,

JSL/M/XERM/249-804/122011 DATE-13/12/11 DECREETO M/Weyne NO: 0179/122011

Dhaqan-galka Wax Ka Bedelka iyo Kaabista Xeerka Nidaamka Ururada iyo Axsaabta Siyaasadda Xeer Lr. 14/2011

QODOBKA 6AAD EE FAQRADIISA 5AAD oo Udhigan sidan:-

XEERKA NIDAAMKA URURADA IYO AXSAABTA SIYAAASADA XEER LR: 14/2011

QODOBKA 6AAD

KALA REEBIDA XISBIYADA/URURADA KU TARTAMA DOORASHADA DEEGAANKA

1. Saddexda xisbi/Urur ee doorashada Dawladaha Hoose ka hela 20% codadka gobol kasta ayaa loo aqoonsanayaa Xisbi qaran, lana siinayaa shahaadada aqoonsiga xisbi. 

 Mudada Xisbiyada Qaranku Waa Toban Sanno Sida Ku Cad Qodobada 4aad , 5aad Iyo 6asd ee Xeerkan oo u Dhigan Sidan:-

QODOBKA 4AAD FAQRADIISA 3AAD XARAFKA R

R) Mudada liisanka ee xisbi qaran waa toban (10) sano oo ka bilaabma taariikhda liisanka la siiyay.

QODOBKA 5AAD FAQRADIISA 3AAD XARAFKA J 

J) Mudada Liisanku ee Xisbi Qaran Waa toban (10) Sanno taariikhda Liisanka la siiyey.

QODOBKA 6AAD FAQRADA 5AAD

5. Tobankii (10) sannadoodba mar baa la abuuri karaa Urur Siyaasadeed si waafaqsan Xeerkan. Hase-yeeshee waa in Urur Siyaasadeed la abuuraa 6(lix) bilood ka hor maalinta la qabanaayo doorashada Goleyaasha Deegaanka

Halkaas Markaynu Marayno waxa Bilaabmay In Dib U Dhacyo ku Doorasho oo ku timi Xili doorasheedkii Golaha Deegaanka ayaa keentay in wax kabedel Markale lagu sameeyo Sannadkii 2021 xeerkaa NO;14 iyadoo ujeedada wax badalka ugu muhiimsanayd sidii loo qaban lahaa doorasho Ururo/Xisbiyo oo lagu galo bilaa Gole Deegaan Sidaas darteed Golayaasha baarlamaanku waxay soo saareen Wax kabadelka oo laga dhigay Qaab ah Doorasho oo ah Doorasho Toos ah oo lagu dooranaayo 3 XISBI QARAN Marka ay dhacdo mudada 10 ka sanno ee xisbiyadu haystaan shihaadada xisbinimo oo ku eeg 

26- DEC- 2022 Waxayna Soo saareen Xeerkii oo Qodobkii 6aad Loo Badalay Qodobka 10AAD Una dhigan sidan:-

XEERKA NIDAAMKA URURADA IYO AXSAABTA SIYAAASADA XEER LR: 14/2021

QODOBKA 10AAD

KALA REEBIDA XISBIYADA/URURADA KU TARTAMA DOORASHADA TOOSKA AH

Saddexda xisbi/Urur ee doorashada tooska ah ka hela 20% codadka gobol kasta ayaa loo aqoonsanayaa Xisbi qaran, lana siinayaa shahaadada aqoonsiga xisbi

Markii uu yimi Muran ka dhashay dhaqan galka xeerkan oo madweynuhu ku so caliyay golaha Wakiilada oo markaa cusbaa, Maxkamad Dastuuriga ah Ayay u gudbiyeen wax ka bedalkiisa 2021 xubno ka tirsan golaha wakiilada Maxkamad Dastuuriga ahina waxay soo saartay go'aan ay ku laashay Nuqulka Wax ka bedelka 2021 Kuna Ogolaanayso In Lagu Dhaqmo Nuqulka Wax ka Bedelka 2011, Iyadoo Go'aankaas raacisay In aan Lagu Dabrin Xeerka In Doorashada Ururada Lagu Galo Goladeegaan in lagu kala saaro .

Hadaba Maxkamada Dastuuriga ahi Xeerka Nuqulka 2011 ee ay qaadatay Gudihiisa Kumay qorin Soo jeedinta go'aankeeda ee ah In lagu galo doorashada Xisbiyada/Ururada Habka Doorashada Tooska ah, oo Nuqulkii Waxa uu U Qoran yahay sidiisi hore ee ahayd in lagu kala saaro Golayaal deegaan.

Sidaas Darteed waxa Waajib ah In Nuqulka Wax ka bedelka 2011 ee Xeer NO.14 Lagu Celiyo Golayaasha Iyadoo Lagu Daraayo Qaraarkii Maxkamada Dastuuriga Sida uu Dhigaayo Golayaashuna Ku Soo Saaran Qaabka ah KALA REEBIDA XISBIYADA/URURADA KU TARTAMA DOORASHADA TOOSKA AH

Saddexda xisbi/Urur ee doorashada tooska ah ka hela 20% codadka gobol kasta ayaa loo aqoonsanayaa Xisbi qaran, lana siinayaa shahaadada aqoonsiga xisbi

Si looga baxo Qabyada Xeerkan XEER No 14. Waa in La Soo Mariyo Golayaasha Baarlamaanka Si Waafaqsan DASTUURKA QODOBADIISA 38aad IYO 76AAD Oo U Dhigan Sidan

QODOBKA 38AAD

BAARLAMAANKA IYO FADHIYADA WADA JIRKA AH

1. Awoodda Xeer-dejinta ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland waxay gaar ku tahay Baarlamaanka oo ka kooban laba Gole oo kala ah Golaha Wakulada iyo Golaha Guurtida. Xilka xeer-dejintu uma wareegi karo cid ka baxsan Baarlamaanka.

QODOBKA 76AAD

Mashruuc-sharci waxa uu xeer ku noqonayaa ansixinta Golaha Wakiilada waxaanu dhaqan gelayaa ka dib marka uu Madaxweynuhu saxeexo sida ku cad Qod. 38aad

Dhanka kale Komishanka Doorashooyinka oo Leh ahmiyada Qabsoomida Doorashooyinka Ayaa U Baahan Soo Magacaabis Ansixin Iyo U Diyaar Garow Doorasho, Wakhtiga Ayhaystaan Hadiiba Isla Bishan Lagu dhameeyo Magacaabista Iyo Ansixintooda Iyo Hawsha u taala waxaa Muuqata Muddo-Dhaaf Doorasho Inuu Imanaayo

Komishanka Doorashooyinka ee Imandoona Waxaa Wakhtiga Qabashada Doorashooyinka Aanay Xiligoodi Ugu Qabankarin Inaga filan

Xeer Lr. 91/2020_Elections and Voter Registration Consolidated Law No 91/2020

Qodobka 6aad Wakhtiga Qabashada Doorashooyinka

1. Komishanka ayaa cayimaya taariikhaha la qabanayo doorashooyinka si waafaqsan Dastuurka iyo Xeerka, iyaga oo ku salaynaya bil ka hor mudo-xileedka Madaxweynaha, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka iyo Golaha Wakiilada, waxaana si rasmi ah loogu cayimayaa Degreeto Madaxweyne.

2. Komishanka Doorashooyinku waa in ay cayimaan waqtiga doorashada 120 (Boqoliyo Labaatan Maalmood) ka hor waqtiga doorashadu dhacayso, Madaxweynuhu waa in uu 15 maalmood gudahood ku soo saaraa degreetada cayimaadda muddada doorashadda, kadib marka uu helo cayimaadda Komishanka.

Qodobka 32aad Kaydinta diiwaangalinta cod-bixiyayaashaiyo soo saarista liisaska Kama dambaystaah

Komishanku waxa xil ka saaran yahay kaydinta, xafidaadda iyo soo saarida liiska Kama dambeysta ah ee diiwaangalinta cod-bixiyayaasha 6 bilood gudahood ka hor maalinta doorashokasta.

QODOBKA Danbe Waxa Ay Ahayd in Komishanka Doorashooyinku Uu Soo Saaro Liiska Kama Danbaysta Ah Badhtamihii Bisha 5aad 13 May 2021 Sida Sharciga ah Iyadoo La dhameeyay Hawlaha Diwaan-Galinta Muwaadiniinta Qaan Gaadhay Iyo kuwa Uu Ka lumay ama Ka xumaaday kaadhkii Cod-Bixinta, Wixii Ka danbeeyay Doorashadii U Danbeeyay.

Qodobka horena Waxa weeye in Gudida Doorashooyinku Soo Saaran Maalinta Cayimaadda Doorashada Madaxtooyadda 14 July 2022

Xisbiyada Siyaasadeed ee Dalka Ka Jira Waxay Shihaada Xisbinimo Qaateen 26 December 2012, Sidaas Awgeed Waxay Kaga eegtay 26 December 2022, Intaas Wixii Doorashooyin ah Ku Soo Beegma Waxa Ka qaybgalaaya Saddexda Xisbi Qaran Ee Haysta Liisanka Xisbinimo Sida Doorashada Madaxtooyadda ee Mudaysan 14 November 2022.

Su'aasha ah Labada Doorasho ee Madaxtooyadda Iyo Ta Ururda/Xisbiyada teeba Soo horaysa?

Waxa Soo horaynaysa Ta Madaxtooyadda waxaana Ka qaybgalaaya Saddexda Xisbi Qaran ee Haysta Liisanka Xisbinimo.

Su'aasha ah Hadii Doorashada Madaxtooyaddu Dib u dhacdo, Ta Ururada Maxaa Laga yeelayaa?

Jawaab Sharci oo Xeer Ku sheegan looma Hayo waxaana  Go'aan Ka gaadhisteedu Ku xidhan Tahay Awooda Maxkamadda Dastuuriga Ama Heshiis ay Ka gaadhaan Xisbiyada Iyo Dhinacyada Ay Khusaysaa "Talo-qaran"

Su'aasha ah Hadii Mudada Liisanka Xisbiyada Siyaasadda Dhacdo iyadoon la Qaban Doorashooyinka Ururad/Xisbiyada Siyaasadeed Iyo Madaxtooyadda, Sidee la yeelayaa?

Ma Jirto Jawaab Sharci oo Qoran; Balse Sidii caadada Inoo Ahayd Waxa Banaan Mudo-kordhin laga Wada Raaliyahay, Xisbiyada Iyo Madaxtooyadduba Helaan In la Sameeyo,

Talo Soo Jeedinta

*In Xeerka Nidaamka Ururkada Iyo Asxaabta Qaranka XEER No 14 Golaha Wakiilada Loo Gudbiyo si degdeg ah inta aanay kal-fadhigan Ka Bixin.

* In Madaxweynaha, Golaha Guurtida Iyo Xisbiyada Mucaaridku Sindhakhso ah U Soo Magacaaban Xubnaha Gudida Doorashooyinka Qranka, Isla Markaana Madaxweynuhu Sida Ugu dhakhsaha Badan Ugu Gudbiyo Golaha Wakiilada Si loo Ansixiyo Inta Aan Kal-fadhigani Gabagaboobin Golihiina fasax u galin.

*In Golaha Guurtidu Gudi U Saaro Khilaafka Dhinacyada 

* In Asxaabta Siyaasada Iyo Dhinacyada Ay Khusaysaa Iskula Noqdaan Xayndaabka Sharciya Dalka Iyo Dastuurka Qaranka, Doonistoodana Ku saleeyaan.

Drysdale, John (1991). Somaliland 1991: Report and Reference. Hove, UK: Global-Stas Ltd.

 

Somaliland: Information on the relationship between the government, the Somali National Movement (SNM) and other northern militias, and on the authority to which the militias are accountable

Publisher	Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Author	Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada
Publication Date	1 June 1994
Citation / Document Symbol	SOM17560.E
Cite as	Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Somaliland: Information on the relationship between the government, the Somali National Movement (SNM) and other northern militias, and on the authority to which the militias are accountable, 1 June 1994, SOM17560.E, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac6614.html [accessed 14 April 2022]
Disclaimer	This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.

 

The first government of Somaliland, announced on 4 June 1991 was composed of 16 members of the Issak clan and its subclans and six members of minority clans (Drysdale 1991, 45). According to a Somali professor of African studies at the University of Florida in Gainsville, the first head of government and chairman of the Somali National Movement (SNM) was Ahmed Ali "Tur," an Issak of the Habar Yoonis subclan. He was later replaced by President Ibrahim Egal, a member of the Habr Awal subclan of the Isse Musa, which in turn is a subclan of the Issaq (4 May 1994). Ahmed Ali Tur has since renounced the secession and now advocates the reunification of Somaliland and Somalia (Reuters 30 Apr. 1994). The Somali professor explained that Somaliland is composed of five regions: Awdal, North West, Togdheer, Sool and Sanag

(4 May 1994). The last three regions are located west of Hargeisa. Sources knowledgeable on Somalia agree that each of these regions is controlled by a different clan each with its own militia. Togdheer is under the control of the Isaaq, Sanag is a territory of the Warsangeli, the Dulbahante and the Isaaq, and Sool is controlled by the Dulbahante (ibid.; OFDA 4 Mar. 1994).

Since they are reportedly opposed to the current government of Somaliland, the Warsangeli are not represented in the Somaliland parliament (ibid.). According to Le Nouvel Afrique Asie of March 1994, there is no sign of the Somaliland Republic administration in Las Khorey, which is their stronghold. On the contrary, the Warsangeli's sultan reportedly displays Somalia's national flag in front of his house. Nonetheless, the Warsangeli were initially represented at the meeting of elders, customary chiefs, academics, politicians and soldiers that took place at Borama in February 1993 (The Horn of Africa Bulletin Mar.-Apr. 1993, 27). According Gilkes, in a report entitled "Ethnic and Political Movements in Ethiopia and Somalia," the Warsangeli were represented in the initial government of Somaliland when the Somali National Movement (SMN) assumed power in 1991:

The constitutional commission was very carefully balanced to represent all northern clans ... There are two Gadabursi, one Issa, one Warsengeli together with thirteeen Isaaq (July 1992, 52).

Relations between the Warsangeli and the Issaq appear to be tense. The head of the Warsangeli militia is quoted as saying that his clan would

deal with Somaliland ... when its presumed president Ibrahim Egal, has extended his authority at least to the airport of his capital Hargeisa. At present, when he uses this airport, he has to pay a transit tax to the Isaaq clan (a clan different from his own) which controls the runway (Le Nouvel Afrique Asie Mar. 1994, 13).

According to a Somali professor of African studies at University of Florida in Gainsville, the majority of the Dulbahante are opposed to the secession of Somaliland, and although there are Dulbahante in the government of Somaliland, they do not represent the rest of the Dulbahante subclan (4 May 1994.). According to Bricker and Leatherbee, the interests of the Dulbahante and the Warsangeli are represented by the United Somali Party (USP), and they tend to oppose the secession of Somaliland from the rest of Somalia (Leatherbee & Bricker Jan. 1994, 29). According to Gilkes the Dulbahante are a subclan of the Darod and relations between them and the Marjeteen are "traditionally poor, largely because of feuding over land and water ... [and because of] the Dulbahante role in Siad's [Barre] operations against the clan after the creation of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF)" (July 1992, 51). According to Bricker and Leathebee,

there are powerful checks on the power of the executive in Somaliland. The power of the clans, demonstrated in their reluctance to turn control of the national airport in Hargeisa and seaport in Berbera over to the national government indicates that these are independent and diffused loci of potential resistance to the state, (Jan. 1994, 31).

The government of Somaliland has a fragile economic base and is reportedly financed by remittances from Somalis abroad (Drysdale 1991, 47). Additionally, "the port of Berbera, and the customs collection point, is the only potential source of central government revenue until some other source of budget support is forthcoming" (ibid. 1991, 47). Drysdale states that there are small police forces in the cities and towns, but they do not wear or carry firearms, and reportedly receive a rations in lieu of salaries (ibid., 49).

Africa and the international community have not recognized Somaliland's sovereignty (Reuters 30 Apr. 1994), which means that Somaliland cannot rely on other countries for assistance. President Egal reportedly apppealed to Britain for international recognition, without which his country does not qualify for bilateral aid (The Herald 12 Feb. 1994). According to the Herald, Clearly there is a vicious circle in Somaliland involving lack of resources for demobilisation and recovery, lack of security, and lack of international recognition." U.S.@led troops did not operate in Somaliland and it reportedly received a meagre fraction of the U.N. funds (Reuters Feb. 1994).

Owing to the lack of international recognition, Kenya withdrew President Egal's visit to Nairobi in December 1993:

President Moi let it be known that he had been subject to pressure, both domestic and international, for him not to receive president Egal. One objection put forward had been that the Kenyan head of state could not receive officially the head of a country which is not yet recognised by the international community (The Indian Ocean Newsletter 18 Dec. 1993, 4).

 This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the DIRB within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum.

References

Dricker, Dale and Lea Leatherbee. 6 January 1994. Balancing Consensus and Dissent: The Prospects for Human Rights and Democracy in the Horn of Africa. New York: The Fund for Peace.

Drysdale, John. 1991. February 1994. Anne Johnstone. Somaliland 1991: Report and Reference. Hove, UK: Global-Stas Ltd.

The Herald [Glasgow]. "Somali Caught In a Cycle of Terror."(NEXIS).

Gilkes, Patrick. July 1992. "Ethnic and Political Movements in Ethiopia and Somalia."

The Horn of Africa Bulletin [Uppsala]. March-April 1993. Vol. 5, No. 2. "Grand Shir at Borama."

The Indian Ocean Newsletter [Paris]. 18 December 1993. "Somaliland: Nairobi Kills Egal Visit."

Le Nouvel Afrique Asie [Paris]. March 1994. No. 54. Pietro Petrucci. "Somalie: Oublier Mogadiscio?" pp. 12-13.

Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), Washington, DC. 4 March 1994. Situation Report No. 25. "Somalia-Civil Strife."

Reuters. 30 April 1994. BC Cycle. "Somaliland Leader Renounces Seccession." (NEXIS)

Somali professor of African studies, University of Florida, Gainsville. 4 May 1994. Telephone interview.

 Attachment

Drysdale, John (1991). Somaliland 1991: Report and Reference. Hove, UK: Global-Stas Ltd.

The Herald [Glasgow]. "Somali Caught In a Cycle of Terror." (NEXIS).

The Indian Ocean Newsletter [Paris]. "Somaliland: Nairobi Kills Egal Visit."

Reuters. 30 April 1994. "Somaliland Leader Renounces Seccession." (NEXIS)

Copyright notice: This document is published with the permission of the copyright holder and producer Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/. Documents earlier than 2003 may be found only on Refworld.

Africa Confidential. 14 June 1991. "Somalia: One State or Two?"

 

Somalia: Information on SNM policies pertaining to non-Isaaq clans in northern Somalia

Publisher	Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Author	Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada
Publication Date	1 December 1991
Citation / Document Symbol	SOM9931
Cite as		Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Somalia: Information on SNM policies pertaining to non-Isaaq clans in northern Somalia, 1 December 1991, SOM9931, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac42c.html [accessed 14 April 2022]
Disclaimer	This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.

 

According to information received from the London office of the Secretariat for Foreign Relations of the Somali National Movement, the current government includes six non-Isaaq members: two Gadabursi, two Dulbahante, one Issa, and one Warsangali. In addition, a Somaliland legislative assembly has been formed in which 30 percent of the members are non-Isaaqs, according to the SNM (Somali National Movement, 10 December 1991).

At least three reports in June 1991 contradict the SNM statistics on government ministers in that they do not account for an Issa minister (Africa Confidential, 14 June 1991; Le Monde, 8 June 1991; Délégué aux Réfugiés, July 1991, 23). Most reports on the legislative assembly, also referred to as the "constituent committee," actually indicate that the proportion of non-Isaaqs is about 55 percent (Jeune Afrique, 18 June 1991; Indian Ocean Newsletter, 25 May 1991).

The London office of the SNM states, "The question of a policy by Isaaq towards other clans never arose and does not exist. All are in the same [Legislative] Assembly and have the same right (Somali National Movement, 10 December 1991). Nevertheless, in the early part of 1991, there were reports of fighting between the SNM and armed Gadabursi and Issa in northwestern Somalia, near the borders with Djibouti and Ethiopia (New African, May 1991; Africa Events, March 1991; The Indian Ocean Newsletter, 23 February 1991). On 5 February, according to the radio network of the SNM, the movement "launched a full-scale war on Boorama" against remnants of the Somali Armed Forces and followed up the next day with "mopping-up" operations throughout the region of Awdal. Boorama was "heavily shelled" in the attack and by the end of the month, 30,000 refugees, the majority of them Gadabursi, had fled to Ethiopia. The Gadabursi have been "traditionally at odds with the Isaak [as written]" clan. (Africa Research Bulletin, 1-28 Feb. 1991; FBIS-AFR-91-025, 6 Feb. 1991a; FBIS-AFR-91-025, 6 Feb. 1991b)

According to a March report of The Indian Ocean Newsletter, representatives of the Gadabursi-dominated Somali Democratic Association stated that four Gadabursi had been executed in Berbera. The report provides no further details as to the circumstances of their execution (The Indian Ocean Newsletter, 9 March 1991).

 Bibliography

Africa Confidential. 14 June 1991. "Somalia: One State or Two?"

Africa Events. March 1991. Wilson, Hamish. "Unsettled Dust."

Africa Research Bulletin. 1-28 February 1991. "Refugee Crisis Reaches pic Proportions." Vol. 28, No. 2. Délégué aux Réfugiés. July 1991. "ODR Bulletin d'Information: Somalie."

FBIS-AFR-91-025. 6 February 1991a. "SNM Fighters Destroy `Enemy' Force in Boorama," Radio of the Somali National Movement [Clandestine], 5 February 1991.

FBIS-AFR-91-025. 6 February 1991b. "SNM Conducts `Mopping-up' Operations in Awdal," Radio of the Somali National Movement [Clandestine], 5 February 1991.

The Indian Ocean Newsletter. 25 May 1991. "Somalia: Northern Somalia Proclaims its Independence."

The Indian Ocean Newsletter. 9 March 1991. "Horn of Africa: Federal Option."

The Indian Ocean Newsletter. 23 February 1991. "Horn of Africa: Repercussions of Somali Rebellion."

Jeune Afrique. 18 June 1991. "La sécession après la guerre."

Le Monde [Paris]. 8 June 1991. "Somalie: Les sécessionnistes du Nord ont formé leur gouvernement."

New African. May 1991. "Why SNM Spurns USC Overtures."

Copyright notice: This document is published with the permission of the copyright holder and producer Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/. Documents earlier than 2003 may be found only on Refworld.

Information on the government's attack on Hargeisa in May 1988 and an SNM assault on Mohammed Siyaad Barre Prison in July 1988

 

Somalia: 1) Detailed map of Somalia and map showing Somalia in the African continent; 2) Information regarding reprisals against Isaaq clan members throughout Somalia, particularly Mogadishu, and against Somali National Movement (SNM) members; 3) Information on the government's attack on Hargeisa in May 1988 and an SNM assault on Mohammed Siyaad Barre Prison in July 1988

Publisher	Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
Author	Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada
Publication Date	1 September 1989
Citation / Document Symbol	SOM1801
Cite as	Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Somalia: 1) Detailed map of Somalia and map showing Somalia in the African continent; 2) Information regarding reprisals against Isaaq clan members throughout Somalia, particularly Mogadishu, and against Somali National Movement (SNM) members; 3) Information on the government's attack on Hargeisa in May 1988 and an SNM assault on Mohammed Siyaad Barre Prison in July 1988, 1 September 1989, SOM1801, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acf970.html [accessed 14 April 2022]
Disclaimer	This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.

 

1) Please find attached copies of the requested maps.

2) Since the Somalia National Movement (SNM), an Isaaq-dominated rebel group, launched a major offensive in May 1988, human rights abuse perpetrated by Somali authorities, mainly against members of the Isaaq clan, has reportedly increased. ["Somalia: Showdown in the North", in Africa Confidential, 29 July 1988, pp. 1-3; Somalia: Imprisonment of Members of the Isaaq Clan since Mid-1988, (London: Amnesty International, 1988).] Amnesty International reports that being a member of a particular clan can be enough to arouse suspicion among Somali authorities, who work on the assumption that many clan members support particular opposition groups. [ Somalia: Imprisonment of Members of the Isaaq Clan since Mid-1988, and Somalia: a long term human rights crisis, (London: Amnesty International, September 1988), various pages.] Thousands of people have been arrested for political or unspecified reasons in the last years, prisoners frequently being subjected to torture or being summarily executed. [ Country Reports for Human Rights Practices for 1988, (Washington: U.S. Department of State, 1989), p. 308; and Critique (of the U.S. Department of State's Country Reports for 1987), (Washington: Human Rights Watch, June 1988), various pages.]

The arrest of Isaaq members in Mogadishu and throughout Somalia has been widely reported by Amnesty International, particularly in the document Somalia: Imprisonment of Members of the Isaaq Clan since Mid-1988, (London: Amnesty International, 1988), a copy of which can be sent upon request. This document, as well as the attached articles, "Of war and warriors" (Africa Events, June/July 1988, p. 10) and "Fighting in the North" (Africa Research Bulletin, 15 July 1988, p. 8919), report that large numbers of Isaaqs were arrested in Mogadishu following the SNM attacks in the North in May 1988. As indicated in the attached Issue Paper, Somalia and the Hawiye Clan (IRBDC, July 1989), the Isaaq clan is opposed to the Siyaad Barre regime, and the government links its members with insurgent groups, particularly the predominantly-Isaaq Somali National Movement. The government has been based on an alliance between the Mareehan, Ogaden and Dolbahanta clans, commonly referred to as the MOD alliance, although there are indications that this alliance has been strained since the middle of 1989. ["Sacrificial Lambs", from Africa Events, August 1989, p. 8; and "Death in Mogadishu", in Africa Confidential, 28 July 1989,

Military reprisals for SNM attacks have included the

indiscriminate bombing of Isaaq civilian populations. [ Somalia: Imprisonment of Members of the Isaaq Clan since Mid-1988, (London: Amnesty International, 1988), p. 2. ] A recent case took place on March 16 1989, after a three-hour occupation of the town of Erigavo by SNM forces. After the SNM had left, the army reportedly bombed the town and later went in, killing about 500 remaining members of the Isaaq clan, in spite of an agreement between authorities and Isaaq elders that the Somali military would not engage in reprisals against the civilian population. [Africa Confidential, 14 April 1989, p. 8.]

3) Hargeisa, a town in northern Somalia with a predominantly Isaaq-clan population, was attacked by the Somali armed forces after the Somali National Movement (SNM) occupied it in May 1988. Various reports indicate the armed forces attacked the city with heavy artillery and aerial bombardment, indiscriminately hitting civilian targets. [ Somalia: Imprisonment of members of the Isaaq Clan since mid-1988, (London: Amnesty International, 1988), p. 3; Somalia: observations regarding the northern conflict and resulting conditions, (Washington: U.S. General Accounting Office, May 1989), p. 5.] Much of the surviving population fled to Ethiopia, reportedly suffering aerial attacks by the Somali air force while gathering outside the city in order to flee the region. Some refugees were allegedly robbed and, if under suspicion, summarily executed by the army and militias. [Somalia: Observations, p. 6.] Somalis of the Ogaden clan were reportedly encouraged to occupy the abandoned city and widespread looting is reported to have taken place. Many of the looted items were identified by their owners in Ethiopian markets. [ Ibid, p. 7, and Africa Confidential, 29 July 1988, p. 2.] For a summarized report on the fighting which took place in Hargeisa, please refer to the attached copy of Africa Research Bulletin, 15 July 1988, p. 8919 and 15 August 1988, p. 9048.

Information on an assault by the SNM on the Siyaad Barre prison in July 1988 could not be found among the sources available at present at the IRBDC.

Copyright notice: This document is published with the permission of the copyright holder and producer Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB). The original version of this document may be found on the offical website of the IRB at http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/. Documents earlier than 2003 may be found only on Refworld.

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